Tuesday, March 5, 2013

Careers in IT - Information Technology Management

In the previous "IT Diversity" articles I discussed Information Technology's two main career paths - IT Systems and IT Application Development. While you can spend a lifetime working on the basics in either of these sectors, people often desire to advance their careers and move up the ladder into Information Technology management positions. In this article I will cover some important considerations to keep in mind while pursuing this path, and briefly explain some useful educational programs to help you prepare for the journey.

Information Technology management jobs exist at many levels within an organization. In a large organization, you could serve as an IT manager in just one portion of an IT department (network, help desk, or application development manager, etc); you could be the director of the entire IT department, or a senior executive such as a Chief X Officer (CXO) - where X = I for information, S for security, C for compliance, T for technology, K for knowledge, etc. In a smaller organization, you might find yourself as the only IT manager and be tasked with overseeing all aspects of the Information Technology environment.

Information Technology

Experience required for the various levels of IT Management generally include but are not limited to:

Careers in IT - Information Technology Management

- For any level IT managerial position you will be expected to have in-depth experience in at least one specialized area (i.e., systems, networking, security, application development, etc.)

- For higher level positions, the more cross-functional IT experience you have - the better

- The higher level you seek, the more in-tune and knowledgeable you need to be with the enterprise's mission, vision, and business processes.

As an IT Manager, several skills and competencies are critical to your success:

- People management: People problems can become an overwhelming concern.

- You likely will not have or maintain the level of expertise needed for all the people you are responsible for, so you need to hire staff who have the right staff expertise.

- Information Technology is critical to the success of most enterprises, so you will often be under-the-gun to keep things working and get new projects completed on time. If you don't manage your staff properly, treating them with respect, professional courtesy, and making sure that they get continuing education, they will burn out quickly and/or not enjoy their work, and look for employment elsewhere.

- You will need to remove or fire unnecessary or problematic employees. A disgruntled worker can destroy the teamwork required for a successful Information Technology project.

- Collaboration and facilitation abilities: Most Information Technology areas require interaction between the IT staff and the business sector. From experience I can tell you that both of these groups often have very little understanding of each other's situation.

- The IT staff generally does not understand the reasons or priorities of business processes.

- The business staff rarely understands the capabilities of what Information Technology can or cannot do for them.

- Effective program management abilities will help immensely. Many IT projects are very complex, involving multiple functional areas across different business practices.

- Strategic Planning: Information Technology managers at all levels must be able to identify IT lifecycle needs based on current capabilities, while planning for future IT requirements and upgrades.

- IT Managers must also be capable of convincing their colleagues that the Information Technology department's needs are essential to the enterprises bottom-line, to ensure proper prioritization of limited resources.

- Maintain IT Currency: Managers must keep abreast of IT developments to keep the enterprise and its technology relevant in both current and future environments. Failing to do so could cause the company to lose its competitive edge.

Once again, this is just a broad brush of what you need to keep in mind if you are considering stepping into an Information Technology Management position. This is a reasonable path for many senior service members that have been in one or more of the many IT career tracks, or for veterans who have served in the IT trenches in either military or civilian environments. In many cases you may have attended senior leadership schools or been in a managerial IT role in the military which helped you develop some of these skills. However, when leaving the military in search of a career in Information Technology Management, you will likely be short of civilian-world business skills.

If you have any questions about the IT field or if you are a service member transitioning into civilian life, feel free to leave a comment or question using the submission form below. I'd love to hear from you!

Careers in IT - Information Technology Management

Paul Capicik is the military program manager for American Sentinel University. Prior to joining American Sentinel, Paul spent over 26 years in the U.S. Air Force and another 12 years in the private sector as a CIO. For more information on American Sentinel University, online information technology degree programs or IT certification training programs, visit http://www.americansentinel.edu/ or call 1-866-922-5690.

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Monday, February 25, 2013

Importance of Technology in Business

Technology plays a vital role in business. Over the years businesses have become dependent on technology so much so that if we were to take away that technology virtually all business operations around the globe would come to a grinding halt. Almost all businesses and industries around the world are using computers ranging from the most basic to the most complex of operations.

Technology played a key role in the growth of commerce and trade around the world. It is true that we have been doing business since time immemorial, long before there were computers; starting from the simple concept of barter trade when the concept of a currency was not yet introduced but trade and commerce was still slow up until the point when the computer revolution changed everything. Almost all businesses are dependent on technology on all levels from research and development, production and all the way to delivery. Small to large scale enterprises depend on computers to help them with their business needs ranging from Point of Sales systems, information management systems capable of handling all kinds of information such as employee profile, client profile, accounting and tracking, automation systems for use in large scale production of commodities, package sorting, assembly lines, all the way to marketing and communications. It doesn't end there, all these commodities also need to be transported by sea, land, and air. Just to transport your commodities by land already requires the use of multiple systems to allow for fast, efficient and safe transportation of commodities.

Information Technology

Without this technology the idea of globalization wouldn't have become a reality. Now all enterprises have the potential to go international through the use of the internet. If your business has a website, that marketing tool will allow your business to reach clients across thousands of miles with just a click of a button. This would not be possible without the internet. Technology allowed businesses to grow and expand in ways never thought possible.

Importance of Technology in Business

The role that technology plays for the business sector cannot be taken for granted. If we were to take away that technology trade and commerce around the world will come to a standstill and the global economy would collapse. It is nearly impossible for one to conduct business without the aid of technology in one form or another. Almost every aspect of business is heavily influenced by technology. Technology has become very important that it has become a huge industry itself from computer hardware manufacturing, to software design and development, and robotics. Technology has become a billion dollar industry for a number of individuals.

The next time you browse a website to purchase or swipe a credit card to pay for something you just bought, try to imagine how that particular purchase would have happened if it were to take place without the aid of modern technology. That could prove to be a bit difficult to imagine. Without all the technology that we are enjoying now it would be like living in the 60's again. No computers, no cellular phones, no internet. That is how important technology is in business.

Importance of Technology in Business

Neoko Cortwell is a freelance writer and web designer. If you want to start your own creative journey to becoming a freelance designer yourself, see these video tutorials.

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Tuesday, February 19, 2013

Role of Information Technology in Growth of Business

Information technology (IT) refers to the management and use of information using computer-based tools. It includes acquiring, processing, storing, and distributing information. Most commonly it is a term used to refer to business applications of computer technology, rather than scientific applications. The term is used broadly in business to refer to anything that ties into the use of computers.

Mostly businesses today create data that can be stored and processed on computers. In some cases the data must be input to computers using devices such as keyboards and scanners. In other cases the data might be created electronically and automatically stored in computers.

Small businesses generally need to purchase software packages, and may need to contract with IT businesses that provide services such as hosting, marketing web sites and maintaining networks. However, larger companies can consider having their own IT staffs to develop software, and otherwise handle IT needs in-house. For instance, businesses working with the federal government are likely to need to comply with requirements relating to making information accessible.

Role of Information Technology in Growth of Business

The constant upgrade in information technology, along with increasing global competition, is adding difficulty and hesitation of several orders of scale to the business and trade. One of the most widely discussed areas in recent business literature is that of new organizational network structures that hold survival and growth in an environment of growing complexity.

Effective implementation of information technology would decrease liability by reducing the cost of expected failures and increase flexibility by reducing the cost of adjustment. The businesses reaction to the environment remains to be the vital determinant for its effectiveness. The capabilities and flexibilities of computer-communication systems make them gradually more appropriate to businesses by being able to respond to any specific information or communication requirement.

Information Technology is having impact on all trade industries and businesses, in service as well as in manufacturing. It is affecting workers at all levels of organizations, from the executives to middle management and clerks. Information technology is increasingly becoming a basic factor of all types of technologies such as craft, engineering, routine, and non-routine.

The advances in Information Technology would result in remarkable decline in the costs of synchronization that would lead to new, concentrated business structures. It enables the business to respond to the new and urgent competitive forces by providing effective management of interdependence.

In the near future businesses would be facing a lack and a redundancy of information called information glut. To solve the information-glut companies will need to introduce methods for selective thinning out of information. Improvements in telecommunications will make it easier to control business units dispersed over different parts of the world. Advances in telecommunications, would result in increased distance-communication. Indirect communication would be preferred for well-structured information for routine, preprogrammed and decision processes.

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Role of Information Technology in Growth of Business
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Saturday, February 9, 2013

How Information Technology Has Changed Workplace Communication

There was a time when typical office communications consisted of a desk phone and maybe an intercom. Although office workers of the time before our present information technology age had their desk phone, the intercom was often used to call workers to the manager's office, relay a quick message or relay a few instructions. Businesses could still communicate with their offices overseas and conference calling was something where you needed operators help to make the connection.

Interoffice communication decades ago consisted of memos being circulated and posted in a common place for all to see. When memos were of a confidential nature, they were placed in an envelope that required the recipients initials when they received it. Couriers were widely used to carry important and confidential documents across town for signatures and the post office enjoyed much business because it was the place to send, pickup or have delivered, your certified letters and correspondence. Letters, manuscripts and memos were produced on a typewriter and many offices and news rooms had typist clamoring away at their typewriter keys to produce volumes of work

Information Technology

To say much has changed since the days before our present Information Technology age, would be an understatement. When email appeared on the scene, interoffice and overseas communications took a dramatic change. More could be communicated in much less time and replies took minutes, not days. Electronic messages directly competed with telegraph companies, people used telegram services less and less especially when more computers appeared in homes. When offices could afford computers costing thousands of dollars, word processing replaced typewriters and typist became a thing of the past. On the scene now, are data entry and order enter specialist.

How Information Technology Has Changed Workplace Communication

Information Technology has and is changing the way companies communicate and conduct business. Business is more streamlined and efficient. Technology companies are finding ways to make systems and processes more efficient. People who own a personal computer can access their office computers from home and businesses can hold online conferences to communicate with their offices overseas, without ever leaving their local office. The ability to send instant messages to the desktop of workers saves time and managers can get instant replies to help in the decision-making process. The workplace is not only global, it is easily accessible to employers and employees alike. The location of your office, no longer matters, it's local now because of technology implementations and the way we use this technology to communicate.

As technology firms find newer and improved methods to communicate, the present methods being used saves companies and people hundreds and thousands of dollars and these saving would be definitely missed if the use of existing technology was interrupted.

How Information Technology Has Changed Workplace Communication

Thank you for reading my article. Nathaniel Lewis is a business owner and technology professional who enjoys writing and sharing life experiences that will help people. Your comments are welcome to this and any article. Please visit http://MyExplainHowTo.info/ where you will find more How To informational articles.

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Wednesday, February 6, 2013

Business Startups - Use of Technology in Business

Technology today is used in business everywhere, easily bringing the world and all of its knowledge to seekers as fast as the click of a mouse. Information can be simple acquired virtually trouble-free through the use of computers, televisions, mobile phones, fax machines, printers, digital cameras and other accessible devices. Over the years technology has become very user-friendly, simple Jane and average Joe can quickly learn how to manipulate modernized technology.

The use of computers can sustain a large paper load, its function and data base keeps track of every role in a company to include:

Information Technology

Meetings and Scheduling Financing Banking Transaction Translation Stocks Business Monitoring Ordering Spread sheets Inventory Records Communication Promotion and Marketing Networking and Relaying Information Advertising Collaborations Calculation Integration Analysis Business News Research

Business Startups - Use of Technology in Business

Computers come equipped with the use of several management programs that can make business to-dos possible such as keeping a record of and calculating employee hours and salary. Computers possess large folders that catalogue dates and events with great capability of storing, sending, copying, collecting and saving detrimental Intel for your company. Computer software technology allows company owners and managers to oversee a broad range of strategic functions that directly influence business-related results.

Technological advances have simplified every task involved in business merging many resources to one location that satisfies the user. Replacing the typewriter, books, letters, envelopes, the post, the rolodex and address book. Instead of lengthy processes that cost time and money like mailing a letter, individuals can now receive immediate response via e-mail. Development, management and design are all functions pre-delivered in a business PC. Other benefits of using this convenient form of technology include:

Controlled and supervised access within your company for staff Security clearance levels with password(s) Increased productivity Quick relay of information Distribute(s) business initiative(s) Capitalizes on secure investments Assists in scheme development Job tracking Planning and logging

Technology gives owner/operators ample opportunity at their convenience to investigate the competition and ensure that they possess the products consumers' desire. In comparison to decades ago, modernized technology is responsible for the enhanced improved performances a company has to offer its clientele.

Businesses run smoother. Operate with maximum advantages. Make better use of time and money.

The use of workplace technology has rapidly matured over the years. If the technology is sophisticated or more complex employers should offer training. If workplace technology is the main involvement of the company, employers should consider staff that is familiar with Microsoft Word, Excel, word processing, spreadsheets, the internet and e-mail. Also reflect on attaining an accounting software program suitable and easy to work with for the company. More innovations to consider include:

The use of headsets, cell or cordless phones for mobility. Laptops and other mobile, removable technology for accessibility. Voice mail also for accessibility anywhere in the office or at home. The use of extensions. Separate phone lines for calls and fax for efficiency. Digital know how for marketing purposes.

Computers and technology enable businesses to function more effectively, run efficiently, respond to the public quickly, manage time, money, expenses, debt, credit, capital, investments etc. Companies experience password protected secured programming, expand operation(s), test pilot programs, prepare for company growth etc. It is now possible to keep and send records with the ability to reduce waist and reserve spending. 

Business Startups - Use of Technology in Business

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Sunday, February 3, 2013

Impact Of Technology In Banking

In the world of banking and finance nothing stands still. The biggest change of all is in the, scope of the business of banking. Banking in its traditional from is concerned with the acceptance of deposits from the customers, the lending of surplus of deposited money to suitable customers who wish to borrow and transmission of funds. Apart from traditional business, banks now a days provide a wide range of services to satisfy the financial and non financial needs of all types of customers from the smallest account holder to the largest company and in some cases of non customers. The range of services offered differs from bank to bank depending mainly on the type and size of the bank.

RESERVE BANK'S EARLY INITIATIVES
As a central bank in a developing country, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has adopted development of the banking and financial market as one of its prime objectives. "Institutional development" was the hallmark of this approach from 1950s to 1970s. In the 1980s, the Reserve Bank focused on "improvements in the productivity" of the banking sector. Being convinced that technology is the key for improving in productivity, the Reserve Bank took several initiatives to popularize usage of technology by banks in India.

Information Technology

Periodically, almost once in five years since the early 1980s, the Reserve Bank appointed committees and working Groups to deliberate on and recommend the appropriate use of technology by banks give the circumstances and the need. These committees are as follows:
-Rangarajan committee -1 in early 1980s.
-Rangarajan committee -11 in late 1980s.
-Saraf working group in early 1990s.
-Vasudevan working group in late 1990s.
-Barman working group in early 2000s.

Impact Of Technology In Banking

Based on the recommendations of these committees and working groups, the Reserve Bank issued suitable guidelines for the banks. In the 1980s, usage of technology for the back office operations of the banks predominated the scene. It was in the form of accounting of transactions and collection of MIS. In the inter-bank payment systems, it was in the form of clearing and settlement using the MICR technology.

Two momentous decisions of the Reserve Bank in the 1990s changed the scenario for ever there are:
a) The prescription of compulsory usage of technology in full measure by the new private sector banks as a precondition of the license and
b) The establishment of an exclusive research institute for banking technology institute for development and Research in Banking Technology.

As the new private sector banks came on the scene as technology-savvy banks and offered several innovative products at the front office for the customers based on technology, the demonstration effect caught on the reset of the banks. Multi channel offerings like machine based (ATMs and pc-Banking), card based (credit/Debit/Smart cards), Communication based (Tele-Banking and Internet Banking) ushered in Anytime and Anywhere Banking by the banks in India. The IDRBT has been instrumental in establishing a safe and secure, state of the art communication backbone in the from of the Indian Financial NETwork (INFINET) as a closed user group exclusively for the banking and financial sector in India.

CHANGING FACE OF BANKING SERVICES
Liberalization brought several changes to Indian service industry. Probably Indian banking industry learnt a tremendous lesson. Pre-liberalization, all we did at a bank was deposit and withdraw money. Service standards were pathetic, but all we could do was grin and bear it. Post-liberalization, the tables have turned. It's a consumer oriented market there.

Technology is revolutionizing every field of human endeavor and activity. One of them is introduction of information technology into capital market. The internet banking is changing the banking industry and is having the major effects on banking relationship. Web is more important for retail financial services than for many other industries.

Retail banking in India is maturing with time, several products, which further could be customized. Most happening sector is housing loan, which is witnessing a cut-throat competition. The home loans are very popular as they help you to realize your most cherished dream. Interest rates are coming down and market has seen some innovative products as well. Other retail banking products are personal loan, education loan and vehicles loan. Almost every bank and financial institution is offering these products, but it is essential to understand the different aspects of these loan products, which are not mentioned in their colored advertisements.

PLASTIC MONEY
Plastic money was a delicious gift to Indian market. Giving respite from carrying too much cash. Now several new features added to plastic money to make it more attractive. It works on formula purchase now repay later. There are different facts of plastic money credit card is synonyms of all.

Credit card is a financial instrument, which can be used more than once to borrow money or buy products and services on credit. Banks, retail stores and other businesses generally issue these. On the basis of their credit limit, they are of different kinds like classic, gold or silver.

Charged cards-these too carry almost same features as credit cards. The fundamental difference is you can not defer payments charged generally have higher credit limits or some times no credit limits.
Debit cards-this card is may be characterized as accountholder's mobile ATM, for this you have to have account with any bank offering credit card.

Over the years, the banking sector in India has seen a no. of changes. Most of the banks have begun to take an innovative approach towards banking with the objective of creating more value for customers and consequently, the banks. Some of the significant changes in the banking sector are discussed below.

MOBILE BANKING
Taking advantages of the booming market for mobile phones and cellular services, several banks have introduced mobile banking which allows customers to perform banking transactions using their mobile phones. For instances HDFC has introduced SMS services. Mobile banking has been especially targeted at people who travel frequently and to keep track of their banking transaction.

RURAL BANKING
One of the innovative scheme to be launched in rural banking was the KISAN CREDIT CARD (KCC) SCHMME started in fiscal 1998-1999 by NABARD. KCC mode it easier for framers to purchase important agricultural inputs. In addition to regular agricultural loans, banks to offer several other products geared to the needs of the rural people.

Private sector Banks also realized the potential in rural market. In the early 2000's ICICI bank began setting up internet kiosks in rural Tamilnadu along with ATM machines.

NRI SERVICES
With a substantial number of Indians having relatives abroad, banks have begun to offer service that allows expatriate Indians to send money more conveniently to relatives India which is one of the major improvements in money transfer.

E-BANKING
E-Banking is becoming increasingly popular among retail banking customers. E-Banking helps in cutting costs by providing cheaper and faster ways of delivering products to customers. It also helps the customer to choose the time, place and method by which he wants to use the services and gives effect to multichannel delivery of service by the bank. This E-Banking is driven by twin engine of "customer-pull and Bank-push".

CONCLUSION
Technology has been one of the most important factors for the development of mankind. Information and communication technology is the major advent in the field of technology which is used for access, process, storage and dissemination of information electronically. Banking industry is fast growing with the use of technology in the from of ATMs, on-line banking, Telephone banking, Mobile banking etc., plastic card is one of the banking products that cater to the needs of retail segment has seen its number grow in geometric progression in recent years. This growth has been strongly supported by the development of in the field of technology, without which this could not have been possible of course it will change our lifestyle in coming years.

Impact Of Technology In Banking

E.Jeevitha

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Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Information Technology in the Hospitality Industry

Traditionally, hotels were largely dependent on cards and paperwork at the front desk to keep in touch with old and current customers. They were largely at the mercy of the desires of vacationers to arrive, and on their own efforts and staff to be ready for potential surges or long droughts of occupancy. Luckily, such inconvenience and old-fashioned methods are long since past, thanks to advances in information technology.

The first area in which information technology became important was in regards to billing. Old-fashioned paper-based book-keeping was time consuming and inefficient, and was not able to quickly tell a hotel owner what the situation of their hotel was. Luckily, advances in modern record keeping allow for a hotel owner to keep track of what they have on hand, how much of it they have, and how much it costs. Accounting is complicated, but advanced accounting software, especially that tailored to the unique needs of the hospitality industry, helps to enable hotel owners to make smart decisions. Services and products that are no longer used can be quickly cut off to save money, while those who show demand can be increased in quantity or modified so as to reduce the heavy usage.

Information Technology

Most hotels are familiar with booking rooms and reservations over the phone, but information technology has expanded well beyond that. Hotels can now work with various online travel companies and booking services to have their rooms booked online, with no need to employ expensive staff. This also allows a hotel to advertise their open rooms and special deals directly to persons who would be most likely to purchase them, instead of wasting lots of money advertising in an unfocused manner. High quality information technology thus allows for better arrangement and management of bookings in order to allow a hotel to better maximize occupancy, and to know in advance when large groups or lean times are approaching. This allows a hotel manager to make plans regarding temporary staff, good times to renovate or expand, or other concerns, because he/she can determine the state of their hotel currently and for the next few months with only a few clicks on the computer.

Information Technology in the Hospitality Industry

The advances in information technology extend well beyond booking, however. The internet is essential for vacationers who wish to contact those back home, and for those traveling on business to get in touch with the office. Therefore, wireless internet has become a very common and very useful service for hotels to provide. Many business minded persons even require that a hotel offer internet services so that they can keep working while on the road. Luckily, such services are easy to provide, as all that is required is a wireless router and various devices to ensure the entire hotel is filled with the network. Modern advances in wireless internet also allow for the wireless internet provided for hotel visitors to be used to network the hotel itself. Security cameras, door locks, and other devices essential to hotel security and safety can be wired into the network, so that staff are alerted whenever a door is propped open, a fire alarm goes off or suspicious activity occurs. Though the hotel guests are wholly unaware of it, this sort of added safety and security keeps them safe, and in the event of a problem they will most certainly appreciate the benefits of such a system.

As advanced as it is, information technology in the hospitality industry is still going forward. Intelligent booking systems enable rapid and efficient guest feedback, along with the ability to predict who is likely to use the hotel again and inform them via e-mail or text messages when good deals arrive. Hotels with room service or other guest services can offer their menus online, allowing for quick updates, high-quality photos, and other ways to allow guests to see and order services before they even arrive. There are also advances in terms of payroll and inventory which make information technology a valuable asset for saving money and maximizing profits. The unique nature of the hospitality industry makes it a great place for new and emerging information technology, and forward-thinking hotel owners and managers are always looking for smart equipment and software to invest in.

Information Technology in the Hospitality Industry

Nick Nikolis is working in Atlantica Hotels and Resorts as It manager in Rhodos. Atlantica Hotels and Resorts is a Europe Hotels chain currently offering lodging services in Cyprus Greece and Egypt. Check here Greece Hotels and Cyprus Hotels.

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Friday, January 25, 2013

Advantages of Information Technology

What is Information Technology

Information technology is the use and application of the computer system to process, manage and distribute information. Use of IT in this context involves both the hardware and software components.

Some major advantages of Information Technology in various areas are listed below:

Advantages of Information Technology

Speed and Accuracy in information Processing

With the use of IT more work can be done by individuals, businesses, services and government organisations. Function enhancement programs such as word processors, database programs and spreadsheets can get work done in less time with increased accuracy and efficiency.

Global Social Interaction

IT has made global social and cultural interaction very simple. This is evident with the emergence and success of social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter. More so, the use of information technology has eliminated language barriers with technologies such as language translators.

Entertainment

The introduction and use of high tech applications and gadgets such as iTunes, iPod and iPone has been revolutionary. Downloading, buying, playing and organising, music, videos, movies and TV shows has been made super easy and accessible. The gallant advancement of information technology through history puts the world in your palm with technologies such as iPad and Amazon Kindle.

Communication

The effect of information technology on universal communication is phenomenal. Telecommunication has gone beyond the use of basic technologies. With the advancement of the Internet and technologies such as VoIP (Voice over IP), organizations, businesses and individuals can communicate any time from different parts of the world through video and voice calls, web conferencing, seminars and virtual meetings.

Economic Advancement

A major step to global economic advancement is the removal of distance and time barriers brought about by the application of information technology to buying and selling of goods and services (e-commerce). E-commerce gave room for tiny, small and big business players to emerge. Interconnection of businesses is made painless. Thousands of local, national and international businesses and enterprises now have what is referred to as 'web presence' and can now reach wider audience.

Education

Education has gone far beyond the use of bricks and mortal classrooms or traditional blackboards. The world is now in the era of e-learning, using technologies such as VLEs (Virtual Learning Environments). Students can have access to all teaching materials and resources online; engage in virtual classrooms real time or asynchronously.

Health

The use of IT has led to an overall improvement in quality, safety and efficiency in the health care delivery system. The health care sector is positively impacted by the use of electronic health records, virtual healthcare team technologies, telemedicine, e-health grids and various specialist health care information systems.

Information technology had brought phenomenal changes to all aspect of life. The positive impact has been global and the change continues to grow exponentially. However, the disadvantages can not be ignored. A major menace brought about by IT is security and drastic reduction in privacy.

Advantages of Information Technology
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Wednesday, January 23, 2013

Computer Information Technology - What it is & Why it is Important

What is computer information technology? To begin, it's a good question-and quite frequently asked too. Basically, computer information technology (commonly referred to as "IT" within tech industries and the business world) is a term used to describe the design, creation, and maintenance of complex computer and networked computer systems. Many businesses and professionals use the term to also encompass the wide range of technology that surrounds the computer systems themselves too.

For example, computer information technology is often used to describe:

Computer hardware Computer servers Computer networks and networking equipment Computer monitors Software and operating systems Printers Copy machines Fax machines Office phone systems Internet systems Cell phones Many additional types of technology and data management equipment

Computer Information Technology - What it is & Why it is Important

IT also represents the how all of these systems are used and how they inter-relate to one another at the same time.

In the Workplace: The IT Department

While it is not necessarily a rule, more often than not these days, a business's IT department will typically manage all of the office's technology needs, including everything from the procurement of computer and technology equipment to the installation and ongoing maintenance of the systems. In the modern data centered workplace environment we've come to expect today, ensuring the computer information technology backbone is operating effectively and efficiently has become absolutely mandatory to running a successful business or workplace operation.

Why Is Computer Information Technology So Important?

IT has become the lifeblood of how business is done. As our world continues to adapt more and more towards an information based society, managing the stream and storage of data and making access to data more and more reliable and easy to use is not just important from a profit standpoint alone-we've actually come to totally depend on technology 100% to make business possible.

In this type of environment, ensuring that every small "slice of the pie" operates and performs as it should is essential. Think of it much like setting up a chain of dominoes-if one piece of an organization's technology system goes down, it is certainly going to have an entire chain of cause and effect throughout the entire organization.

Information technology is so important because it requires thoughtful and knowledgeable planning and development to create sophisticated systems that work seamlessly with each other to produce an end result of transparent functionality that we rely on. It's almost like one of those things that we've just gotten used to-we've come to expect it to work flawlessly all of the time, only noticing it when something goes wrong.

This kind of operational transparency is usually the main goal of IT professionals. Making sure that data and technology systems work properly and dependably enables others to perform their duties without a hitch. Qualified IT professionals are always in high demand and generally well compensated for the services they provide.

It's safe to say that computer information technology really is what makes the world of technology go 'round!

Computer Information Technology - What it is & Why it is Important
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Sunday, January 20, 2013

Information Technology Problem Solving - The 6 Principles of Scientific Problem Solving

This paper will explain a scientific approach to problem solving. Although it is written to address Information Technology related problems, the concepts might also be applicable in other disciplines. The methods, concepts, and techniques described here is nothing new, but it is shocking how many "problem solvers" fail to use them. In between I will include some real-life examples.

Why do problem solvers guess in stead of following a scientific approach to problem solving? Maybe because it feels quicker? Maybe a lack of experience in efficient problem solving? Or maybe because it feels like hard work to do it scientifically? Maybe while you keep on guessing and not really solving, you generate more income and add some job security? Or maybe because you violate the first principle of problem solving: understand the problem.

Principle #1. Understand the *real* problem.

Information Technology Problem Solving - The 6 Principles of Scientific Problem Solving

Isn't it obvious that before you can solve, you need to understand the problem? Maybe. But, most of the time the solver will start solving without knowing the real problem. What the client or user describe as "The Problem" is normally only the symptom! "My computer does not want to switch on" is the symptom. The real problem could be that the whole building is without power. "Every time I try to add a new product, I get an error message" is the symptom. Here the real problem could be "Only the last 2 products I tried to add gave a 'Product already exists' error". Another classic example: "Nothing is working"...

You start your investigation by defining the "real problem". This will entail asking questions (and sometimes verify them), and doing some basic testing. Ask the user questions like "when was the last time it worked successfully?", "How long have you been using the system?", "Does it work on another PC or another user?", "What is the exact error message?" etc. Ask for a screen-print of the error if possible. Your basic testing will be to ensure the end-to-end equipment is up and running. Check the user's PC, the network, the Web Server, Firewalls, the File Server, the Database back-end, etc. Best-case you will pint-point the problem already. Worst-case you can eliminate a lot of areas for the cause of the problem.

A real life example. The symptom according to the user: "The system hangs up at random times when I place orders". The environment: The user enters the order detail on a form in a mainframe application. When all the detail is completed, the user will tab off the form. The mainframe then sends this detail via communication software to an Oracle Client/Server system at the plant. The Oracle system will do capacity planning and either returns an error or an expected order date back to the mainframe system. This problem is quite serious, because you can loose clients if they try to place orders and the system does not accept them! To attempt to solve this problem, people started by investigating: 1) The load and capacity of the mainframe hardware 2) Monitoring the network load between the mainframe and the Oracle system 3) Hiring consultants to debug the communication software 4) Debugging the Oracle capacity planning system After spending a couple of months they could not solve the problem.

The "Scientific Problem Solver" was called in. It took less than a day and the problem was solved! How? The solver spends the day at the user to see what the "real problem" was. It was found that the problem only occurs with export orders. By investigating the capture screen and user actions, it was found that with export orders the last field on the form is always left blank and the user did not tab off this field. The system was not hanging, it waited for the user to press "tab" another time. Problem solved. It can be noted that the "Scientific Problem Solver" had very limited knowledge of the mainframe, of the order capturing system, of the communication software, and of the Oracle capacity planning system. And this brings us at Principle#2.

Principle #2. Do not be afraid to start the solving process, even if you do not understand the system.

How many times have you heard "I cannot touch that code, because it was developed by someone else!", or "I cannot help because I am a HR Consultant and that is a Finance problem"? If you washing machine does not want to switch on, you do not need to be an Electrical Engineer, Washing Machine Repair Specialist, Technician, or whatever specialist to do some basic fault finding. Make sure the plug is working. Check the trip-switch, etc. "I have never seen this error before" should not stop you from attempting to solve. With the error message and an Internet Search engine, you can get lots of starting points.

In every complex system there are a couple of basic working principles. System A that reads data from System B can be horribly complex (maybe a Laboratory Spectrometer that reads data from a Programmable Logic Computer via an RS-232 port). But, some basics to test for: Does both systems have power? Is there an error message in the event log on one of these systems? Can you "ping" or trace a network packet from the one system to the other? Try a different communication cable. Search the internet for the error message.

Once you have established what the problem is, you need to start solving it. Sometimes the initial investigation will point you directly to the solution (switch the power on; replace the faulty cable, etc). But, sometimes the real problem is complex in itself, so the next principle is to solve it simple.

Principle #3. Conquer it simple.

Let's start this section with a real-life example. Under certain conditions, a stored procedure will hang. The stored procedure normally takes about an hour to run (when it is not hanging). So, the developer tried to debug. Make some changes and then wait another hour or so to see if the problem is solved. After some days the developer gave up and the "Problem Solver" took over. The "Problem Solver" had to his disposal the knowledge under witch conditions the stored procedure would hang. So, it was a simple exercise to make a copy of the procedure, and then with this copy to strip all unnecessary code. All parameters were changed with hard-coded values. Bits of code were executed at a time and the result-sets were then again hard-coded into the copy of the procedure. Within 3 hours the problem was solved. An infinite-loop was discovered.

What the "Problem Solver" did, was to replicate the problem and at the same time tried to isolate the code that caused the problem. In doing so, the complex (and time consuming) stored procedure became something fast and simple.

If the problem is inside an application, create a new application and try to simulate the problem inside the new application as simple as possible. If the problem occurs when a certain method for a certain control gets called, then try to only include this control in the empty application and call that method with hard-coded values. If the problem is with embedded SQL inside a C# application, then try to simulate the SQL inside of a Database Query tool (like SQL*Plus for Oracle, Query Analyzer for SQL Server, or use the code in MS Excel via ODBC to the database).

The moment you can replicate the problem in a simple way, you are more than 80% on your way to solve it.

If you do not know where in the program the problem is, then use DEBUG.

Principle #4. Debug.

Most application development tools come standard with a debugger. Weather it is Macromedia Flash, Microsoft Dot Net, Delphi, or what ever development environment there will be some sort of debugger. If the tool does not come standard with a debugger, then you can simulate one.

The first thing you want to do with the debugger is to determine where the problem is. You do this by adding breakpoints at key areas. Then you run the program in debug mode and you will know between which breakpoints the problem occurred. Drill down and you will find the spot. Now that you know where the problem is, you can "conquer it simple"

Another nice feature of most debuggers includes the facility to watch variables, values, parameters, etc. as you step through the program. With these values known at certain steps, you can hard-code them into your "simplified version" of the program

If a development tool does not support debugging, then you can simulate it. Put in steps in the program that outputs variable values and "hello I am here" messages either to the screen, to a log file, or to a database table. Remember to take them out when the problem is resolved... you don't want your file system to be cluttered or filled up with log files!

Principle #5. There is a wealth of information on the database back-end that will help to solve a problem.

The "Problem Solver" was called to help solve a very tricky problem. A project was migrating system from a mainframe to client-server technology. All went well during testing, but when the systems went live, all of a sudden there were quite a few, and quite random "General Protection Faults". (The GPF-error was the general error trap in Windows 95 and 98). It was tried to simplify the code, debugging was attempted, but it was impossible to replicate. In the LAB environment, the problem would not occur! Debugging trace messages to log files indicated that the problem occurred very randomly. Some users experienced it more than others, but eventually all users will get them! Interesting problem.

The "Problem Solver" solved this after he started to analyze the database back-end. Not sure if it was by chance or because he systematically moved in the right direction because of a scientific approach. Through tracing what is happening on the back-end level, it was found that all these applications were creating more-and-more connections to the database. Every time a user starts a new transaction another connection was established to the database. The sum-total of the connections were only released when the application was closed. As the user navigated to new windows inside the same application, more and more connections are opened, and after a specific number of connections, the application will have enough and then crash. This was a programming fault in a template that was used by all the developers. The solution was to first test if a cursor to the database is already open, before opening it again.

How do you trace on the back-end database what is happening? The main database providers have GUI tools that help you to trace or analyze what queries are fired against the database. It will also show you when people connect, disconnect, or were unable to connect because of security violations. Most databases also include some system dictionary tables that can be queried to get this information. These traces can sometimes tell 'n whole story of why something is failing. The query code you retrieve from the trace can be help to "simplify the search". You can see from the trace if the program makes successful contact with the database. You can see how long it takes for a query to execute.

To add to Principle#2 (do not be afraid to start...); you can analyze this trace information, even though you might not know anything about the detail of the application.

Remember though that these back-end traces can put a strain on the back-end resources. Do not leave them running for unnecessary long.

Principle #6. Use fresh eyes.

This is the last principle. Do not spend too much time on the problem before you ask for assistance. The assistance does not have to be from someone more senior than you. The principle is that you need a pair of fresh eyes for a fresh perspective and sometimes a bit of fresh air by taking a break. The other person will look and then ask a question or two. Sometimes it is something very obvious that was missed. Sometimes just by answering the question it makes you think in a new directions. Also, if you spend hours looking at the same piece of code, it is very easy to start looking over a silly mistake. A lot of finance balancing problems get solved over a beer. It could be a change of scenery, and/or the relaxed atmosphere that will pop out the solution. Maybe it is the fresh oxygen that went to the brain while walking to the pub. Maybe it is because the problem got discussed with someone else.

Conclusion

After reading this paper, the author hope that you will try these the next time you encounter a problem to solve. Hopefully by applying these six principles you will realize the advantages they bring, rather than to "guess" your way to a solution.

Information Technology Problem Solving - The 6 Principles of Scientific Problem Solving
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Andre Maakal -
http://www.maakal.com

Andre Maakal is a Database Administrator for a Multi-National Mining Company. He has 15+ years experience in the full spectrum of Information- and Telecommunication Technology. He has a Masters degree in Information Technology. His experience includes analysis, design, programming, managing databases, fault finding-and-resolution, performance tuning, pc-, server-, and networking hardware. As a hobby he is actively involved in long-distance running and spends time as a web entrepreneur.

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Thursday, January 17, 2013

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How 3D TV Technology Works

3D television technology is becoming increasingly popular with each passing day. Due to the rise of popular 3D feature films (namely Pixar's Up and James Cameron's Avatar), major television manufacturers began developing three dimensional home television technology in 2009.

There are several methods that these manufacturers use to create 3D images on an LCD television; some are more expensive than others, and some are more feasible than others. This article will discuss the three primary methods of 3-D home theater technology that will be used in upcoming years.

Information Technology

Lenticular viewing: This technology has been pioneered by Philips, and is available as of today. TV sets that use this technology can be watched without those funny glasses that audiences used in theaters. These televisions use a lens that can send different images to each eye. That is, your left eye will see a completely different image from your right eye, which will emulate your two eyes' use of stereopsis (the process by which your eyes discern depth). The one weakness of lenticular viewing, however, is that a viewer must sit in a very specific spot in front of the TV. This means that only a couple people would be able to comfortably watch the TV at once due to its small viewing angle.

How 3D TV Technology Works

Passive glass systems: Hyundai is developing this type of LCD monitor which will allow both 2D and 3D images to be viewed. To watch the 3-D images, viewers will need to wear the traditional glasses in order to watch three dinemsional media. This technology is nothing new: the TV has two overlapping images and the glasses have polarized lenses. Each lens is polarized so that it can see only one of the two overlapping images. This technology is very feasible and 40 to 50 inch LCD TVs with this technology are currently available for purchase.

Active glass systems: This system is very similar to the passive glass system, except rather than the TV doing all work, the glasses do. The glasses synchronize with the refresh rate of the TV, then they alternate the polarization of each lens, making the wearers of the glasses see 3-D images. With this technology, people could be watching a 2-D movie comfortably, then at will switch the movie into 3-D. This type of monitor is being developed by Samsung and Mitsubishi, but the downside is that the glasses could be very expensive. Some predict the glasses to be upwards of 0.

How 3D TV Technology Works

For more information on how 3D televisions work go to 3D TV Information.

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Friday, January 4, 2013

About The Hollywood Film Industry

The Hollywood film industry is an amalgamation of technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking. It generally consists of film production companies, film studios, cinematography, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film festivals, actors, directors, and film personnel.

Today the Hollywood film industry is positioned across the world. In this 21st century, the major business centers of filmmaking are concentrated in United States, India and China. Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California that is situated in west- northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural individuality of movie studios and movie stars, the word Hollywood is often used as a connotation for the cinema of United States which is popularly known as the Hollywood film Industry.

The history of the Hollywood Film Industry probably started in the hands of D.W. Griffith when the Biograph Company sent him and his crew. They started filming on a vacant lot in downtown Los Angeles in early 1910. Soon the company decided to explore new territories to find that the region was quite friendly and enjoyable for shooting.

About The Hollywood Film Industry

Therefore, Griffith filmed the first ever movie shot in Hollywood. The title of the film was "In Old California". The movie company then stayed there for months to shoot several of their films and returned to New York.

Starting in 1913, this wonderful place came into the limelight when moviemakers started heading to the west. The first feature film made in Hollywood was called 'The Squaw Man" This resulted in the birth of Hollywood Film Industry.

Nestor Studio, founded in 1911 was the first movie studio in Hollywood. Fifteen other small studios also settled in Hollywood. Gradually, Hollywood came to be so powerfully associated with the film industry that this term began to be used as a synonym for the entire industry.

During the time period of the first World War, Hollywood become the movie capital of the world. Previously mentioned, Nester studio became the Hollywood Digital Laboratory. By the year 1950, music recording studios and offices began moving to Hollywood, though much of the movie industry remained there.

The world famous Hollywood Walk of Fame was constructed in the year 1958 and the first star was placed in 1960. The Walk of Fame was placed as a tribute to the artists working in the entertainment industry. It is embedded with more than 2,000 five pointed stars featuring the names of celebrities, as well as fictional characters.

Self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust maintains this Walk of Fame. The first star to receive this honor was Joanne Woodward. The artist received a star based on career and lifetime achievements in motion pictures, live theatres, radio, television, and music.

The famous Hollywood symbol, originally read Hollywoodland, was constructed in the year 1923 as an advertisement of a new housing development. The sign was left to worsen until in 1949 the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce repaired and removed the last four letters.

The sign located at Mount Lee, is now a registered trademark hence cannot be used without the permission of the Chamber of Commerce.

The Hollywood Film Industry can be called the Mecca of film industries. Though geographically it is located in Hollywood, it resides in the hearts of millions of film lovers and film related personalities. Hollywood remains and will remain a king, without a scepter.

About The Hollywood Film Industry
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